This article presents key studies from the National Institute of Justice’s (NIJ) Courts Research Portfolio that examine pretrial, prosecution, and sentencing policies promoting alternatives to incarceration, such as Veterans Treatment Courts (VTCs) and other problem-solving courts. Collectively, these initiatives reflect NIJ’s long-standing collaboration with federal partners, court professionals, stakeholders, and research experts. The article also summarizes findings from NIJ’s Multisite Evaluation of VTCs and outlines recommendations for policy and future research. Together, these efforts...