Improving reach and access to health promotion and preventive services for vulnerable children and adolescents

Across Europe, one in four children faces poverty or social exclusion, with vulnerable groups—such as migrants, refugees, and children from disadvantaged families—bearing the greatest burden. These disparities were worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the urgent need for more equitable access to health and social services.

Early childhood is a critical window for health and development, yet investment in prevention remains low. Barriers such as financial constraints, administrative complexity, and lack of coordination across sectors hinder access to essential services—especially for vulnerable children.

Integrated, cross-sector approaches are essential. Successful strategies combine mental health support, education, and community services to address risks early and effectively. Key recommendations include:

• Strengthening collaboration across health, education, and social sectors

• Building better systems for data collection and sharing

• Expanding outreach and tailored support, including school-based programmes and navigation services

These actions can help close the health equity gap and ensure that all children and adolescents—regardless of background—can thrive.